DC - Network Addressing Layer 3 network addressing is one of the major tasks of Network Layer. Network Addresses are always logical i.e. these are software based addresses which can be changed by appropriate configurations. A network address always points to host /...
DC - Error Detection & Correction There are many reasons such as noise, cross-talk etc., which may help data to get corrupted during transmission. The upper layers work on some generalized view of network architecture and are not aware of actual hardware data...
Signal multiplexing is a process in which multiple signals can be transmitted together over the same communication medium simultaneously. Time division multiplexing Time division multiplexing is a technique of separating the signals in time domain. In TDM the...
Companding In telecommunication and signal processing companding (occasionally called compansion) is a method of mitigating the detrimental effects of a channel with limited dynamic range. The name is a portmanteau of the words compressing and expanding. The use of...
Basics of Wireless Communication: Wireless communication takes places over free space through RF (radio frequency), one device, Transmitter send signal to other device, Receiver. Two devices (transmitter and receiver) must use same frequency (or channel) to be able to...
Analog to Analog Modulation Analog-to-analog conversion, or modulation, is the representation of analog information by an analog signal. It is a process by virtue of which a characteristic of carrier wave is varied according to the instantaneous amplitude of the...
Modem Modulator and Demodulator A modem may refer to any of the following: A modem or broadband modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or router to a broadband. For example, a cable modem and DSL modem are two examples of these types of Modems. Today, a...
Analog and Digital Signals An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity i.e., analogous to another time varying Signal. Signals can be analog or digital. Analog...
Networking Network A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network. Network criteria Performance...
Data Communications Data Communications : Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the form of 0’s and 1’s) between two devices via some form of transmission medium (such a cable). In other way can define, Data Communication is a process of exchanging data or...
Relational Algebra The part of mathematics in which letters and other general symbols are used to represent numbers and quantities in formula and equations. Ex: (x + y) · z = (x · z) + (y · z). The main application of relational algebra is providing a theoretical...
Components of the Database System Environment There are five major components in the database system environment and their interrelationships are. Hardware Software Data Users Procedures Hardware: The hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and...
What is DBMS? A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. Database management systems (DBMS) are computer software applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database...
Scoping is one of the superpowers that eloquent grants to developers when querying a model. Scopes allow developers to add constraints to queries for a given model. In simple terms laravel scope is just a query, a query to make the code shorter and faster. We can...