Chapter 4 Relational Algebra

Chapter 4 Relational Algebra

Relational Algebra The part of mathematics in which letters and other general symbols are used to represent numbers and quantities in formula and equations. Ex: (x + y) · z = (x · z) + (y · z). The main application of relational algebra is providing a theoretical...

Chapter 3 Components of the Database System Environment

Chapter 3 Components of the Database System Environment

Components of the Database System Environment There are five major components in the database system environment and their interrelationships are. Hardware Software Data Users Procedures Hardware:  The hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and...